Counseling can be defined as a professional relationship in which different types of counselors and clients work together to help clients accomplish particular mental health, educational, lifestyle, or career goals.
As you consider a career in this profession, be aware that counseling takes many forms and provides diverse opportunities to make a difference in the lives of clients. A good first step for any aspiring counseling student is to survey the many counseling specialties that are available.
Counseling specializations differ in terms of salary expectations, client population served, day-to-day duties, and more. However, one constant is the need to develop core skills through a counseling degree program.
Consider a Featured Online Counseling Program
School and Program Information | Online Program? Entry Requirements |
Course Information |
---|---|---|
Walden University
MS in School Counseling
CACREP Accredited |
✔ Online
GRE scores not required |
School counselors help students overcome obstacles and shape successful futures. Walden’s online MS in School Counseling program will give you a solid foundation in school counseling theories, approaches, and best practices while enabling you to gain hands-on experience. Learn More |
Walden University
MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling
CACREP Accredited |
✔ Online
GRE scores not required |
Mental health counselors play a valuable role in helping people cope with life’s challenges. Walden’s online MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling program can help you become the competent, compassionate counselor you know you can be. Learn More |
Northwestern University
Online MA in Counseling
CACREP Accredited |
✔ Online
GRE Not Required Bachelor's Required |
Prepare to pursue licensure in as few as 18 months Learn MoreFull-time, part-time, and accelerated track options available |
Grand Canyon University
Master's Degree in Counseling
HLC and NASAC Accredited |
✔ 100% Online
Over 14 Specializations Available |
Affordable with No Out of State Tuition Learn More |
Liberty University
MA: Clinical Mental Health Counseling (CACREP Accredited)
CACREP Accredited |
✔ Online
Online with required intensives |
Our CACREP-accredited master’s in counseling degree online can help you become an ethical, well-trained mental health counselor with the knowledge, values, and skills you need to empower others to make positive changes in their lives. Online and on campus. Training Champions for Christ since 1971. Learn More |
Capella University
Counseling & Therapy
CACREP Accredited |
✔ Online
GRE Not Required |
Offering master’s degree programs in clinical mental health counseling and school counseling. Doctoral degree program available in counselor education & supervision. No GRE required. Learn More |
Capella University
Bachelor of Science in Psychology
|
✔ Online
|
Choose from General Psychology, Applied Behavior Analysis or Pre-Counseling specializations Learn More |
Capella University
BS in Psychology - Applied Behavior Analysis
|
✔ Online
No GMAT or GRE required |
Gain skills and knowledge to help transform the lives of people living with autism and other intellectual disabilities. Study with confidence in a program that meets the educational requirements for eligibility to take the Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst® (BCaBA) examination. Applicants must meet additional requirements to qualify. Learn More |
NYU Steinhardt
Online MA in Counseling for Mental Health and Wellness
MPCAC Accredited |
✔ Online
GRE not required; Bachelor’s degree and minimum 2.5 GPA required |
As few as 21 months to complete Learn More |
*Sponsored Counseling Programs
Online CACREP Accredited programs | Online MPCAC Accredited programs
What Different Types of Counseling Are There?
In considering different career opportunities, it’s natural to ask what types of counseling there are. Consider a few of the most common examples for different types of counselors.
Career Counseling
As a career counselor, you will have the opportunity to work with recent and soon-to-be graduates as well as other types of jobseekers to help them plan for their educational and vocational future.
- Example job titles: Career counselor, career advisor
- 2020 annual median salary: $58,120 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS])
- Required degree to enter the field: Bachelor's degree in counseling, although some employers will require a master's degree.
- Licensure requirements: Many states require licensing, especially for private practice. Licensing is not required in every state.
Child Development
After gaining expertise in child development, you can counsel children and adolescents through a wide range of social, academic and behavioral issues, while verifying they are on a healthy developmental path.
- Example job titles: Child development counselor, child development researcher, child life specialist
- 2020 annual median salary: $60,380 (BLS)
- Required degree to enter the field: Master's degree in counseling with a focus on child development.
- Licensure requirements: Most states require certification or licensure, which requires a graduate-level internship or other experience.
Christian Counselor
Christian counseling, a specialized subset of cultural counseling, is a fulfilling and vital career for those who seek to integrate faith into their professional practice. Christian counselors assist clients from various backgrounds, focusing on integrating spiritual, cultural, and psychological principles to promote holistic well-being.
- Example Job Title: Christian Counselor
- 2020 Annual Median Salary: $55,760. This figure is based on the 2022 BLS data for social and community service managers, a closely related field. It's important to note that salaries can vary based on factors like location, experience, and the type of organization where the counselor is employed.
- Required Degree to Enter the Field: To become a Christian Counselor in the United States, a Master's degree is typically required. This degree should ideally be in counseling, psychology, or a related field, with additional coursework or training in Christian theology and spiritual guidance. Learn more about Christian counseling degrees online
- Licensure Requirements: Similar to other cultural counseling positions, state licensure is mandatory for Christian Counselors. The licensure process usually involves completing a certain number of supervised clinical hours, passing a state-recognized exam, and adhering to ongoing education requirements. Additionally, counselors who wish to emphasize their faith-based approach may also seek certification from a Christian counseling association, which can enhance their credibility and professional development.
- Example job title: Cultural counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $69,600 (according to BLS data for social and community service managers, a closely related field)
- Required degree to enter the field: A master's degree is required for cultural counselors in the United States.
- Licensure requirements: State licensure is required for cultural counseling positions.
- Example job titles: Psychologist, cognitive researcher
- 2020 annual median salary: $82,180 (BLS data for psychologists)
- Required degree to enter the field: To work as a psychologist, you generally need a master's degree or doctorate.
- Licensure requirements: Licensing is required in every state, along with board certification.
- Example job title: College counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $58,120 (BLS)
- Required degree to enter the field: To work as a college counselor you should have a bachelor's degree or higher.
- Licensure requirements: Not all college counselors are licensed in every state.
- Example job titles: Color therapist, alternative therapist, holistic therapist
- 2020 annual median salary: $47,660 (BLS data for the related field of substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors)
- Required degree to enter the field: A bachelor's degree and certification from a color therapy program is often required.
- Licensure requirements: Not all color therapists are licensed in that field, but most states require general licensing.
- Example job title: Crisis counselor
- 2022 annual median salary: $42,500 (PayScale)
- Required degree to enter the field: A bachelor's or master's degree in a mental health field is required.
- Licensure requirements: Licensing is required in every state.
- Example job titles: Depression counselor, mental health counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $47,660 (BLS data for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors)
- Required degree to enter the field: Most mental health counselors have a master's degree, although some jobs may be available with a bachelor's degree.
- Licensure requirements: Mental health counseling typically requires licensure in every state.
- Example job title: Developmental psychologist
- 2020 annual median salary: $82,180 (BLS data for psychologists)
- Required degree to enter the field: Typically, a developmental psychologist will have a master's degree or higher.
- Licensure requirements: Licensure can require exams and an internship or other work experience.
- Example job title: Domestic abuse counselor
- Annual median salary: $47,660 (BLS data for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors)
- Required degree to enter the field: A master's degree is required.
- Licensure requirements: Most states require a domestic violence counselor to be licensed.
- Example job title: Eating disorder therapist
- 2020 annual median salary: $47,660 (BLS data for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors)
- Required degree to enter the field: You'll need a master's degree to work in this field.
- Licensure requirements: The majority of states require an eating disorder therapist to be licensed in that specialty.
- Example job titles: Educational counselor, school counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $58,120 (BLS)
- Required degree to enter the field: A bachelor's degree is required and a master's degree is preferred.
- Licensure requirements: You don't always need special licensure to work in this field.
- Example job titles: Marriage and family therapist, marriage counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $51,340 (BLS)
- Required degree to enter the field: You'll need a master's degree for this specialty.
- Licensure requirements: Most states require licensing for marriage and family counseling.
- Example job title: Genetic counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $85,700 (BLS)
- Required degree to enter the field: A master's degree or higher is required to work as a genetic counselor.
- Licensure requirements: Licensing is required in the majority of states.
- Example job title: Geriatric counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $37,530 (BLS data for rehabilitation counselors)
- Required degree to enter the field: Most geriatric counselors have a master's degree or higher.
- Licensure requirements: In most states, you'll need to be licensed for this counseling specialty.
- Example job titles: Guidance counselor, school counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $58,120 (BLS)
- Required degree to enter the field: You'll generally need a bachelor's degree to get into this field.
- Licensure requirements: Not all states require a guidance counselor to be licensed.
- Example job titles: Mental health counselor, psychologist
- 2020 annual median salary: $47,660 (BLS data for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors)
- Required degree to enter the field: Most mental health counselors have master's degrees.
- Licensure requirements: You'll generally need to be licensed by the state if you want to work in this field.
- Example job title: Military counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $47,660 (BLS data for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors)
- Required degree to enter the field: Most military counselors have a master's degree or higher.
- Licensure requirements: To work as a military counselor, most states require you to have a license and certification.
- Example job title: Music therapist
- 2020 annual median salary: $47,710 (BLS data for recreational therapists)
- Required degree to enter the field: You may be able to start out in this career with a bachelor's degree.
- Licensure requirements: Pursuing a certification in music therapy can be necessary, depending on your state.
- Example job title: Rehabilitation counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $37,530 (BLS)
- Required degree to enter the field: You need a master's degree or higher to work as a rehabilitation counselor.
- Licensure requirements: Most states require licensing and certification to work in this field.
- Example job titles: Guidance counselor, school counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $58,120 (BLS)
- Required degree to enter the field: A bachelor's degree is required, and some employers will require a master's degree.
- Licensure requirements: Not all states require specific licensing or certification, depending on where you live.
- Example job title: Spiritual counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $56,560 (BLS data for members of the clergy)
- Required degree to enter the field: Not all spiritual counselors have advanced degrees, but many of them do.
- Licensure requirements: Depending on where you live, you may not need to be licensed to be a spiritual counselor.
- Example job titles: Substance abuse counselor, drug abuse counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $47,660 (BLS)
- Required degree to enter the field: A master's degree is generally required for people who work as substance abuse counselors.
- Licensure requirements: Licensing and certification is required to work in this specialty.
- Example job title: Transformational counselor
- 2020 annual median salary: $47,660 (BLS data for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors)
- Required degree to enter the field: Most transformational counselors have at least a bachelor's degree.
- Licensure requirements: Not every state requires specific licensing for a transformational counselor.
Cultural Counseling
Cultural counseling professionals help clients from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and religious affiliations manage daily stresses and obstacles according to the values that mean the most to them.
Cognitive Therapy
A degree in cognitive therapy will prepare you to study how the brain receives, stores and retrieves information and sensory data, allowing you to counsel clients who struggle responding to external stimuli.
College Counseling
College counselors work in an academic setting, advising students on their next educational and vocational steps.
Color Therapy Counseling
Color therapy, also called chromotherapy, uses different colors of light during the therapeutic process. The central idea is that different colors can have different therapeutic effects, such as lowering anxiety, increasing energy or soothing emotions.
Crisis Intervention
As a crisis intervention counselor, you will help clients who are experiencing acute mental health crises as they process their emotions. The ultimate goal is to help keep them from harm.
Depression Counseling
One of the most in-demand counseling specialties, these counselors help clients cope with the effects of depression and manage the symptoms of this chronic mental health disorder.
Developmental Counseling Psychology
Developmental psychologists assess social, emotional and behavioral development over the course of a lifetime. The field explores the influence of biology and the environment to draw conclusions about how and why individuals develop certain personalities, behaviors and practices.
Domestic Violence Counseling
Domestic violence counselors work directly with individuals who have been victims of violence and abuse in their household, specifically from a spouse or domestic partner.
Eating Disorder Therapy
An eating disorder therapist provides individual and group counseling for individuals who struggle with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge-eating disorders.
Educational Counseling
Educational counselors may work in public or private schools, helping students navigate academic issues and also plan for their educational future.
Marriage and Family Counseling
Marriage and family therapists focus on interpersonal dynamics within a marriage or family, helping clients navigate issues and resolve conflicts.
Genetic Counseling
A genetic counselor assesses clients’ genetic test results and provides them with important information about their propensity for certain diseases or hereditary conditions.
Geriatric Counseling
With expertise in gerontology, geriatric counselors help their clients cope with the effects of the aging process, including grief and dementia.
Guidance Counseling
Guidance counselors work directly with students as they progress through emotional, physical, academic and vocational issues and challenges.
Mental Health Counseling
A mental health counselor helps clients as they navigate the effects of a mental illness, whether that means anxiety, depression, trauma or another condition.
Military Counseling
As a military counselor, you might work with active service members, veterans, or military family members to help them cope with different types of emotional impairment. Treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a big part of the job.
Music Therapy Counseling
In this vocation, you will use music to treat various cognitive, emotional, physical and social needs on behalf of your clients.
Rehabilitation Counseling
As a rehabilitation counselor, you will work with clients who have disabilities, helping them cope with their limitations while they are also finding housing, completing school, and/or succeeding in their chosen vocation.
School Counseling
Like guidance counselors, school counselors work directly with students as they progress through emotional, physical, academic and vocational goals. The main distinction is that school counselors tend to be more focused on emotional and social issues, while guidance counselors focus more on academic concerns.
Spiritual Counseling
Spiritual counselors employ the language and beliefs of particular religious traditions to help their clients navigate problems in their life.
Substance Abuse Counseling
One of the most in-demand counseling specialties, substance abuse counselors provide direct intervention and treatment plans for individuals struggling with drug and alcohol addiction.
Transformational Counseling
By using talk therapy, transformational counselors help lead their clients toward personal growth.
FAQ: How Much do Counselor’s Make?
How to Pursue Counseling Specialties
No matter which of these counseling specializations you choose, there are some basic steps to follow.
- Obtain an undergraduate degree. Most counseling psychology specializations require a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in counseling, psychology or a related field.
- Consider an advanced degree. Depending on the type of counseling you want to pursue, a master’s or even doctoral-level degree may be required.
- Pursue licensure. For most counseling psychology specializations, licensure at the state level is required. Some counseling professions will also require you to re-apply for licensure, showing proof of continuing education credits.
- Gain work experience. Also keep in mind that gaining supervised experience is needed before licensure for most counseling professions.
Types of Counseling Styles
There are many different types of counseling styles, just as there are different types of counselors with their own thoughts, beliefs, and ideas. Finding the right style can make it easier for you to focus on how you want to help people and the goals you have for your patients. The styles include:
- Psychodynamic Counseling: This counseling specialty focuses on emotional suffering and its psychological roots, through self-examination and self-reflection, leading to new ways to look at oneself and one’s struggles.
- Interpersonal Counseling: The focus of this type of counseling is improving interpersonal functioning by looking at the behaviors that cause issues and the symptoms those issues produce.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: As a type of talk therapy, CBT is very commonly used with patients who have anxiety disorders or problems with depression, and who are looking to alleviate their symptoms.
- Mindfulness-Based Counseling: Mindfulness-based counseling builds on the principles already taught in CBT by adding mindfulness meditation and related methods of alleviating the symptoms of mental health conditions like depression and anxiety.
- Humanistic/Client-Centered Counseling: This type of counseling is focused on self-discovery, free will, and the human potential to help clients develop a better sense of self, focus on their strengths, and find more meaning in life.