Careers with a Masters in Counseling

A master’s in counseling opens the door to a wide range of meaningful and in-demand careers. From working with individuals facing mental health challenges to supporting families, students, or older adults through major life transitions, counseling professionals play a vital role across diverse settings.

Most counseling careers require licensure, making a master’s degree a key step in the path toward professional practice. Whether you’re drawn to clinical mental health, school counseling, addiction services, or another specialty area, a master’s in counseling provides the education and supervised experience needed to qualify for counseling licensure and begin serving clients.

In this guide, you’ll learn about the different career options available with a counseling master’s, how to navigate licensure, and what to expect in terms of salary and job outlook. You’ll also explore the importance of CACREP-accredited programs, career paths by specialization, and emerging trends shaping the field.

Why Pursue a Master’s in Counseling?

Choosing to earn a master’s in counseling is about more than fulfilling licensure requirements—it’s a commitment to making a long-term impact in people’s lives. Counselors support individuals, families, and communities through challenges related to mental health, substance use, trauma, career changes, and life transitions.

With this degree, you’ll be qualified to work in a wide range of settings, including hospitals, schools, private practices, rehabilitation centers, community agencies, and corporate wellness programs. This versatility makes counseling a resilient and rewarding profession.

Master’s programs also provide a foundation in evidence-based practices, ethical decision-making, and culturally competent care—skills that are essential no matter which population you work with. Many programs offer specialized tracks that help you build expertise in areas like school counseling, addiction treatment, or marriage and family therapy.

*Sponsored Counseling Programs

Steps to Getting a Master’s in Counseling

Before enrolling in a graduate counseling program, it’s important to understand the academic and licensure steps required to enter the field. Each state has its own licensing requirements, but most counseling careers follow a similar progression.

1. Earn a Bachelor’s in Counseling or a Related Field

Your first step is completing a bachelor’s degree. While a bachelor’s in counseling is ideal, many students pursue related fields such as psychology, sociology, or social work. These programs offer foundational knowledge in human behavior, research methods, and ethics—preparing you for graduate-level study.

A typical bachelor’s program takes about four years to complete. If possible, gain experience through internships, volunteer work, or entry-level positions in mental health or human services. This early exposure can strengthen your graduate school application and clarify your career interests.

2. Choose a CACREP-Accredited Master’s Program

Most states require or prefer that your graduate program be accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). CACREP-accredited programs meet national standards for counselor education and are designed to prepare graduates for licensure exams.

These programs typically include a supervised practicum and internship, coursework in assessment and diagnosis, and training in multicultural counseling and ethical practice.

3. Select a Specialization

Many master’s programs allow you to choose a concentration aligned with your interests and intended career path. Specializing can help you build targeted skills and stand out in competitive job markets.

Some common counseling specializations include:

• School counseling
  
• Clinical mental health counseling
  
• Addiction counseling
  
• Career counseling
  
• Gerontological counseling
  

Selecting your area of focus early in the program can help guide your coursework, internship placement, and post-graduate licensing plan.

4. Complete a Master’s in Counseling

Master’s in counseling programs typically take 2–3 years to complete and combine academic instruction with clinical training. You’ll take courses in counseling theory, ethics, group therapy, and assessment while completing a supervised practicum and internship.

Graduating from an accredited program prepares you to pursue licensure and begin the final steps toward practicing professionally.

Steps to Launching Your Counseling Career

After earning your master’s in counseling, there are a few final steps required before you can begin practicing as a licensed professional. These steps may vary by state, but most follow a similar process involving supervised experience, licensure exams, and application for state credentials.

1. Complete Postgraduate Supervised Experience

Most states require between 2,000 and 3,000 hours of supervised clinical experience after graduation. This is often referred to as a residency or internship and typically takes two years to complete.

You’ll work under the supervision of a licensed counselor while providing direct services to clients. This phase is critical for building confidence, refining clinical skills, and meeting your state’s licensure requirements.

2. Pass the Required Licensing Exam

Licensure candidates must pass a national exam, typically one of the following:

• National Counselor Examination (NCE)
  
• National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE)
  

These exams are administered by the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC). Some states may require additional exams related to ethics or jurisprudence.

3. Apply for State Licensure

Once you’ve completed your supervised hours and passed the licensing exam, you can submit your application for licensure to your state board. Requirements may include:

• Proof of CACREP-accredited degree
  
• Exam scores
  
• Background check
  
• Application fees
  
• Letters of recommendation or professional references
  

Once approved, you’ll be granted a license to practice as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), or a similar title depending on your state.

4. Begin Practicing as a Licensed Counselor

With your license in hand, you’re eligible to practice independently or as part of a clinical team. Career paths vary depending on your specialization and interests. Many counselors begin in community health, schools, rehabilitation centers, or private practices.

As you gain experience, you may choose to pursue additional certifications, advanced roles, or open your own practice.

Licensure Requirements

To work as a professional counselor, licensure is required in every U.S. state and territory. While specific titles and processes vary, most states follow a similar framework for granting counseling credentials.

Common Licensure Titles

Depending on the state and area of practice, licensed counselors may hold one of the following credentials:

• Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC)
  
• Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC)
  
• Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC)
  
• Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC)
  

School counselors, marriage and family therapists, and substance use counselors may also have distinct licensure requirements or state-specific titles.

General Licensure Process

Although the details can vary, most states require the following:

1. Graduate from an accredited program — Most states require a master’s in counseling from a CACREP-accredited program.
   
2. Complete supervised clinical experience — Generally 2,000 to 3,000 hours of postgraduate supervised work.
   
3. Pass a licensing exam — Typically the NCE or NCMHCE, both offered by the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC).
   
4. Submit state application — Includes verification of education, exam results, supervised hours, background check, and fees.
   

Continuing Education

Licensed counselors are required to complete continuing education (CE) to maintain their credentials. CE requirements vary by state but usually include ethics training and topic-specific courses aligned with the counselor’s area of practice.

State Variations

It’s important to check with your state’s licensing board for up-to-date requirements. Some states may have additional steps, require specific coursework (e.g., in substance use or multicultural counseling), or recognize alternative credentials for school-based or addiction-focused counselors.

CACREP vs Non-CACREP Accredited Paths

Choosing the right counseling program is one of the most important decisions you’ll make in your professional journey. While many master’s programs meet state education requirements, not all are accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). Understanding the difference between CACREP and non-CACREP programs can help you make an informed decision about your education and future career.

What Is CACREP Accreditation?

CACREP is a nationally recognized accrediting body that sets standards for counseling education. Programs that earn CACREP accreditation have been reviewed for curriculum quality, faculty qualifications, clinical training, and alignment with professional competencies.

Advantages of Choosing a CACREP-Accredited Program

• Licensure readiness: Most state boards accept or prefer CACREP-accredited degrees when evaluating licensure applications.
  
• Exam eligibility: Graduates of CACREP programs automatically qualify to take the National Counselor Examination (NCE) and National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE).
  
• Career mobility: A CACREP-accredited degree may simplify licensure transfer across states, which is important for counselors who plan to relocate.
  
• Employer preference: Some federal agencies and large healthcare organizations require or prefer CACREP-accredited degrees when hiring.
  

Can You Get Licensed with a Non-CACREP Degree?

Yes—in many states, you can still qualify for licensure with a non-CACREP master’s degree in counseling, provided it meets the state’s coursework and clinical training requirements. However, the process may involve additional documentation, longer review times, or limitations when moving between states.

How to Decide

If your goal is to maximize licensure portability and minimize barriers to employment, a CACREP-accredited program is often the safer route. That said, some reputable non-CACREP programs can still offer strong training and licensure pathways depending on your state and career goals. Always check with your state licensing board before enrolling.

CACREP-Accredited Counseling Master’s Jobs

Graduating from a CACREP-accredited program can open the door to a wide range of counseling careers that require licensure and advanced clinical training. These programs are designed to meet national standards and prepare students for professional certification and state licensure exams—two essential steps for working in direct client care.

Why Accreditation Matters

Employers, licensing boards, and professional organizations often rely on CACREP accreditation as a marker of program quality. Completing a CACREP-accredited counseling master’s program ensures that you’ve received training aligned with industry expectations and regulatory requirements.

Career Paths for CACREP Graduates

While CACREP accreditation does not limit you to specific careers, many licensed roles prefer or require it as part of their education standards. Common CACREP-accredited counseling master’s jobs include:

• Clinical Mental Health Counselor – Diagnose and treat mental health conditions in individual or group settings.
  
• School Counselor – Support K–12 students with academic, social, and emotional development.
  
• Marriage and Family Therapist – Help couples and families improve relationships and resolve conflicts.
  
• Rehabilitation Counselor – Assist individuals with physical, emotional, or developmental disabilities in achieving greater independence.
  
• Addiction Counselor – Work with individuals or groups recovering from substance use disorders.
  
• Career Counselor – Guide students and adults through career exploration, transitions, and goal-setting.
  
• Grief or Trauma Counselor – Support clients coping with loss, crisis, or traumatic experiences.
  
• Gerontological Counselor – Serve aging populations dealing with late-life challenges such as illness, caregiving, and retirement.
  

These roles are typically found in settings such as community health centers, K–12 schools, private practices, hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, and government agencies.

Getting Started

To pursue one of these careers, start by choosing a CACREP-accredited master’s program aligned with your intended area of practice. From there, follow your state’s licensure pathway, complete required clinical hours, and prepare for your national certification exam.

Top Counseling Careers with a Master’s in Counseling

A master’s in counseling can lead to a variety of rewarding careers that focus on improving mental health, supporting personal development, and helping individuals navigate life challenges. Depending on your area of specialization and state licensure, you may qualify for roles in schools, clinical settings, rehabilitation centers, private practice, or public health agencies.

Below are ten of the most common and in-demand counseling careers available to professionals with a graduate degree. Each offers unique opportunities to work with different populations and develop specialized expertise. Salary information was gathered from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Outlook Handbook.

1. Clinical Mental Health Counselor

Clinical mental health counselors provide therapy and support to individuals, couples, and families coping with emotional, behavioral, and psychological challenges. These licensed professionals work across a wide range of settings and are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions using evidence-based approaches.

What They Do

Clinical mental health counselors help clients manage conditions such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and stress-related disorders. They conduct assessments, develop individualized treatment plans, and provide ongoing therapy tailored to the client’s goals and needs. In addition to working one-on-one, many also lead group counseling sessions and collaborate with other health professionals.

Common work settings include:

• Outpatient mental health clinics
  
• Hospitals and medical centers
  
• Private practices
  
• Community health agencies
  
• Residential treatment facilities
  

Some counselors may also specialize in areas such as crisis intervention, trauma recovery, or co-occurring substance use disorders.

Education and Licensure

To become a clinical mental health counselor, you’ll need to:

• Earn a master’s in counseling, ideally from a CACREP-accredited program
  
• Complete 2,000–3,000 hours of supervised post-graduate clinical experience
  
• Pass a licensure exam such as the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE)
  
• Apply for licensure in your state (e.g., LPC, LMHC, or LPCC designation)
  

Licensure ensures you’re qualified to diagnose mental health conditions and provide independent care.

Salary and Job Outlook

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors was $59,190 in May 2024. Salaries vary by industry and experience, with the highest earners making over $98,210 per year.

Median wages by industry include:

• Hospitals (state, local, and private): $61,930
  
• Offices of other health practitioners: $59,570
  
• Outpatient mental health centers: $58,200
  
• Individual and family services: $57,080
  
• Residential facilities: $49,610
  

The job outlook for this field is especially strong. Employment is projected to grow 19% from 2023 to 2033, nearly five times faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is driven by increasing demand for mental health services, greater public awareness, and broader access through insurance and telehealth.

2. School Counselor

School counselors play a critical role in the academic, emotional, and social development of students. They work with children and adolescents in K–12 settings, helping them navigate academic pressures, behavioral challenges, peer relationships, and future planning.

What They Do

School counselors assess students’ needs, provide short-term counseling, and connect students and families with additional support services when needed. Their work spans academic guidance, mental health support, and career planning.

Typical responsibilities include:

• Assisting students with academic goal-setting and course selection
  
• Addressing behavioral or emotional issues through individual or group counseling
  
• Facilitating conflict resolution among students
  
• Supporting students through personal or family challenges
  
• Helping students prepare for college, training programs, or the workforce
  
• Collaborating with teachers, parents, and administrators on student success plans
  

School counselors are often the first line of support for students facing mental health challenges and can serve as important advocates for student well-being.

Education and Licensure

To become a school counselor, you’ll typically need:

• A master’s in counseling, school counseling, or a closely related field
  
• Completion of a supervised internship in a school setting
  
• State-specific certification or licensure (often issued by the state’s department of education)
  
• In some states, passing a national exam such as the Praxis II: Professional School Counselor Exam
  

Program accreditation through CACREP or a similar body is often required or strongly preferred for licensure.

Salary and Job Outlook

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for school and career counselors and advisors was $65,140 in May 2024. The top 10% earned more than $105,870, while those in private or nontraditional settings typically earned less.

Median annual wages by industry:

• Local public elementary and secondary schools: $76,960
  
• Private K–12 schools: $62,090
  
• Public colleges and universities: $60,170
  
• Private colleges and universities: $57,800
  
• Other private educational services: $57,610
  

Employment of school and career counselors is projected to grow 4% from 2023 to 2033, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Growth is expected as schools expand counseling services to address both academic and emotional needs, and as more institutions build career centers focused on workforce readiness.

3. Marriage and Family Therapist

Marriage and family therapists (MFTs) help individuals, couples, and families navigate emotional, relational, and psychological challenges. They are trained to treat a wide range of mental health issues through the lens of interpersonal dynamics, often focusing on how relationships impact well-being.

What They Do

MFTs assess and treat clients dealing with issues such as marital conflict, parenting challenges, grief, trauma, and mood disorders. Therapy sessions may include individuals, couples, or entire families and often address communication breakdowns, emotional distance, or behavioral concerns.

Common responsibilities include:

• Conducting assessments and diagnosing emotional or mental health disorders
  
• Facilitating short- and long-term therapy for individuals, couples, and families
  
• Developing treatment goals and documenting progress
  
• Referring clients to additional specialists when necessary
  
• Educating clients on healthy communication and conflict resolution strategies
  

MFTs often work alongside other healthcare providers in integrated care settings to coordinate mental health services.

Education and Licensure

To become a marriage and family therapist, you typically need to:

• Earn a master’s in counseling, marriage and family therapy, or a closely related field
  
• Complete a supervised clinical practicum and post-graduate experience (often 2,000+ hours)
  
• Pass the Association of Marital & Family Therapy Regulatory Boards (AMFTRB) exam
  
• Obtain licensure in your state, often under the title LMFT (Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist)
  

CACREP-accredited programs that include a specialization in marriage and family counseling are often preferred by employers and state boards.

Salary and Job Outlook

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for marriage and family therapists was $63,780 in May 2024. The top 10% earned more than $111,610 annually.

Median wages by industry:

• State government (excluding education and hospitals): $89,030
  
• Outpatient care centers: $73,230
  
• Individual and family services: $59,550
  
• Offices of other health practitioners: $59,010
  

Employment for marriage and family therapists is projected to grow 16% from 2023 to 2033, significantly faster than the average for all occupations. Growth is expected due to increasing demand for integrated care, where MFTs collaborate with other mental health professionals to provide coordinated treatment.

4. Rehabilitation Counselor

Rehabilitation counselors help individuals with physical, mental, developmental, or emotional disabilities achieve greater independence and quality of life. Their work often focuses on helping clients navigate barriers to employment, education, or daily living due to injury, illness, or disability.

What They Do

Rehabilitation counselors provide support, counseling, and advocacy to help clients set goals, build skills, and adapt to challenges. They may work with people recovering from accidents, managing chronic illnesses, aging into disability, or transitioning from institutional care to community living.

Typical duties include:

• Assessing client needs, strengths, and limitations
  
• Developing rehabilitation plans and setting achievable goals
  
• Coordinating services such as job training, mental health support, or housing assistance
  
• Collaborating with physicians, psychologists, and vocational trainers
  
• Advocating for clients’ rights and access to community resources
  

Many work in vocational rehabilitation services, residential care, or social service agencies.

Education and Licensure

Rehabilitation counselors typically hold a master’s in counseling or rehabilitation counseling. Some roles may require or prefer degrees from CACREP-accredited programs or programs accredited by the Council on Rehabilitation Education (CORE) (prior to its merger with CACREP).

Licensure requirements vary by state and setting. Counselors working in clinical or private practice settings generally must:

• Complete 2,000+ hours of supervised experience
  
• Pass a licensure exam (e.g., the Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC) exam or the NCE)
  
• Meet state licensure requirements for professional counselors (LPC, LMHC, etc.)
  

Salary and Job Outlook

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for rehabilitation counselors was $46,110 in May 2024. The top 10% earned more than $77,200.

Median wages by industry:

• State government (excluding education and hospitals): $63,610
  
• Local government: $60,590
  
• Vocational rehabilitation services: $43,760
  
• Individual and family services: $43,270
  
• Nursing and residential care facilities: $42,000
  

Employment of rehabilitation counselors is projected to grow 2% from 2023 to 2033, slower than the average for all occupations. However, around 8,000 job openings per year are expected, mostly due to retirements and workforce transitions.

Demand is expected to continue among aging populations, veterans, and individuals with disabilities, though job growth may be limited in some states by public funding constraints.

5. Career Counselor

Career counselors help individuals explore career options, develop professional goals, and make informed decisions about their educational and employment paths. They support students, jobseekers, and mid-career professionals alike—offering guidance through key transitions and challenges in the workplace.

What They Do

Career counselors assist clients in identifying their strengths, interests, values, and skills. They may provide one-on-one counseling, lead career development workshops, and administer tools such as aptitude tests and personality assessments.

Typical responsibilities include:

• Helping clients choose academic or training programs that align with career goals
  
• Supporting job searches with résumé reviews, interview preparation, and job market insights
  
• Assisting clients who are changing careers or reentering the workforce
  
• Referring clients to job training, internships, or educational opportunities
  
• Providing counseling for workplace dissatisfaction, burnout, or job loss
  

Career counselors often work in high schools, colleges, vocational training centers, community agencies, and private practice.

Education and Licensure

Most career counselors hold a master’s in counseling, often with a focus in career development or school counseling. Programs accredited by CACREP help ensure you’re meeting state and national education standards.

Licensure requirements vary depending on your work setting:

• Counselors working in public schools usually need state certification or licensure as a school counselor.
  
• Those in private practice or clinical settings may need an LPC or equivalent.
  
• Voluntary certification is available through the National Career Development Association (NCDA) or National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC).
  

Salary and Job Outlook

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for school and career counselors was $65,140 in May 2024, with the top 10% earning more than $105,870.

Median salaries by setting:

• Local public K–12 schools: $76,960
  
• Private schools: $62,090
  
• Public colleges and universities: $60,170
  
• Private colleges and universities: $57,800
  

Employment for career counselors is projected to grow 4% from 2023 to 2033, in line with the national average. Growth is expected as more institutions invest in career development services and as demand increases for job search support among adult learners, veterans, and those changing careers.

6. Addiction Counselor

Addiction counselors work with individuals and groups struggling with substance use disorders and related behavioral challenges. These professionals play a vital role in helping clients understand their addiction, develop coping strategies, and build a foundation for long-term recovery.

What They Do

Addiction counselors assess the severity of a client’s substance use, identify underlying issues, and create personalized treatment plans. They may offer one-on-one therapy, group counseling, relapse prevention planning, and support for co-occurring mental health conditions.

Common responsibilities include:

• Conducting substance use assessments and diagnostic evaluations
  
• Leading individual or group therapy sessions focused on addiction recovery
  
• Teaching coping mechanisms and life skills to prevent relapse
  
• Coordinating care with other professionals, including physicians and mental health counselors
  
• Supporting clients through treatment transitions—from detox to aftercare
  
• Educating families and facilitating family therapy when appropriate
  

Addiction counselors work in diverse settings such as rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics, hospitals, correctional facilities, and private practice.

Education and Licensure

Most addiction counselors hold a master’s in counseling with a concentration in substance use or addiction treatment. Programs accredited by CACREP often include specialized coursework in substance use disorders, co-occurring conditions, and treatment planning.

Licensure requirements vary by state and by setting. In many states, addiction counselors must:

• Complete 2,000+ supervised clinical hours
  
• Pass a licensure exam, such as the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE) or a substance use–specific exam
  
• Obtain state licensure or certification, such as LADC (Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor) or CADC (Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor)
  
• Maintain continuing education and ethics training
  

Some roles, especially those in public health or community settings, may accept bachelor’s-level credentials, but clinical roles typically require a master’s degree and licensure.

Salary and Job Outlook

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors—including addiction counselors—was $59,190 in May 2024. The top 10% earned more than $98,210 annually.

Median salaries by setting:

• Hospitals (state, local, and private): $61,930
  
• Offices of other health practitioners: $59,570
  
• Outpatient mental health/substance abuse centers: $58,200
  
• Residential treatment facilities: $49,610
  

Employment in this field is projected to grow 19% from 2023 to 2033, nearly five times faster than the national average. Demand is being driven by greater access to care, rising rates of addiction (including opioid use), and expanded insurance coverage for behavioral health treatment.

7. Grief Counselor

Grief counselors specialize in supporting individuals who are experiencing loss—whether through the death of a loved one, serious illness, divorce, infertility, or other major life changes. These professionals help clients process grief, cope with emotional pain, and adjust to life after loss in healthy and constructive ways.

What They Do

Grief counselors provide compassionate support during some of the most vulnerable times in a person’s life. Their work may involve crisis intervention, trauma-informed care, and long-term emotional support.

Typical responsibilities include:

• Providing one-on-one or group counseling to individuals dealing with grief or bereavement
  
• Helping clients understand the stages of grief and how they might experience them
  
• Teaching healthy coping strategies to manage overwhelming emotions
  
• Supporting families through anticipatory grief (e.g., terminal illness diagnoses)
  
• Coordinating care with hospice providers, medical teams, or spiritual advisors
  
• Assisting clients in building resilience and finding meaning after loss
  

Grief counselors may work in settings such as hospice centers, hospitals, private practices, faith-based organizations, or community mental health agencies.

Education and Licensure

Grief counseling is typically a specialization within a broader counseling license. Most grief counselors have:

• A master’s in counseling, psychology, or clinical social work
  
• Licensure as a mental health counselor (e.g., LPC, LMHC, LPCC)
  
• Clinical experience working with trauma, loss, and family systems
  
• Optional certifications such as Certified Grief Counseling Specialist (CGCS) or Fellow in Thanatology (FT)
  

Training in trauma-informed care, crisis counseling, and multicultural sensitivity is especially valuable in this field.

Salary and Job Outlook

While grief counseling is not separately reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, it falls under the broader category of mental health counselors, whose earnings and job prospects reflect the overall demand for emotional and psychological support services.

According to the BLS:

• Median annual wage (May 2024): $59,190
  
• Top 10% earn more than: $98,210
  
• Projected job growth (2023–2033): 19%
  

This strong outlook is driven by increasing public awareness of mental health and expanded access to insurance-covered counseling services—including those related to grief, trauma, and life transitions.

8. Youth and Adolescent Counselor

Youth and adolescent counselors work with children and teens who are navigating emotional, behavioral, academic, or developmental challenges. These counselors provide age-appropriate mental health support during a time of rapid personal growth and vulnerability.

What They Do

Counselors in this specialization help clients manage issues such as anxiety, depression, peer pressure, family conflict, trauma, and identity development. They often collaborate with parents, schools, and healthcare providers to create a safe and supportive environment for the young person.

Common responsibilities include:

• Providing individual or group therapy to children and adolescents
  
• Assessing developmental and emotional needs
  
• Supporting youth through trauma, bullying, or family changes
  
• Teaching coping skills, emotional regulation, and communication strategies
  
• Involving families in treatment and offering parenting support
  
• Referring to specialized services when needed (e.g., speech therapy, psychiatric care)
  

Youth and adolescent counselors may work in schools, outpatient clinics, residential facilities, juvenile justice programs, or private practice.

Education and Licensure

To work in this field, professionals typically earn a:

• Master’s in counseling or clinical psychology, with a focus on child and adolescent development
  
• State licensure (e.g., LPC, LMHC, LPCC), which requires postgraduate supervised experience and passing a licensing exam
  
• Optional training or certification in play therapy, trauma-informed care, or school-based counseling
  

While a CACREP-accredited program isn’t required in all states, it can help streamline the path to licensure and ensure rigorous clinical preparation.

Salary and Job Outlook

Youth and adolescent counselors are categorized under mental health counselors by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. According to the BLS:

• Median annual wage (May 2024): $59,190
  
• Top 10% earn more than: $98,210
  
• Job growth (2023–2033): 19%, much faster than average
  
• Openings per year: ~48,900
  

This specialization is expected to remain in high demand, particularly as awareness of youth mental health needs continues to rise and schools, families, and healthcare systems seek early intervention strategies.

9. Gerontological Counselor

Gerontological counselors specialize in the mental health and emotional well-being of older adults. They support clients through age-related challenges such as grief, declining health, memory loss, retirement, and shifting family roles. As the aging population grows, this field is becoming increasingly essential within counseling and healthcare systems.

What They Do

Gerontological counselors help older adults cope with the psychological effects of aging and life transitions. They may also assist families and caregivers navigating elder care or preparing for end-of-life decisions.

Typical responsibilities include:

• Counseling individuals experiencing grief, loneliness, or depression
  
• Supporting clients with chronic illness, dementia, or disability
  
• Helping older adults adjust to retirement, relocation, or loss of independence
  
• Coordinating care with physicians, social workers, or home health aides
  
• Assisting caregivers in managing stress and improving communication
  

These counselors may work in nursing homes, hospitals, outpatient clinics, hospice programs, or private practice.

Education and Licensure

Gerontological counselors typically hold a:

• Master’s in counseling, psychology, or social work, often with coursework in aging and lifespan development
  
• State-issued license as a professional counselor (e.g., LPC, LMHC)
  
• Optional training in gerontology, aging services, or dementia care
  
• Optional certification such as the Certified Advanced Aging Life Care Professional or Board Certified Gerontological Counselor (BCGC) (if applicable)
  

A CACREP-accredited program with electives or practicums focused on older adults can provide targeted preparation for this specialty.

Salary and Job Outlook

While gerontological counseling is not broken out as a standalone role by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, it is considered part of the mental health counselor profession. According to the BLS:

• Median annual wage (May 2024): $59,190
  
• Top 10% earn more than: $98,210
  
• Projected job growth (2023–2033): 19%
  
• Openings per year: ~48,900
  

Job prospects in this area are expected to grow steadily due to increasing life expectancy and the rising need for mental health services tailored to older adults.

10. Trauma Counselor

Trauma counselors help individuals recover from distressing or life-altering experiences such as abuse, violence, natural disasters, serious accidents, or military combat. These professionals are trained to provide trauma-informed care that promotes safety, healing, and long-term emotional resilience.

What They Do

Trauma counselors use evidence-based approaches to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex trauma, and related conditions. They work with clients of all ages, often in high-stress or crisis-prone environments.

Typical responsibilities include:

• Conducting trauma-focused assessments and developing treatment plans
  
• Providing individual, group, or family counseling using methods such as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), TF-CBT (Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), or somatic therapy
  
• Educating clients on the impact of trauma and healthy coping strategies
  
• Helping clients build safety, trust, and emotional regulation skills
  
• Collaborating with healthcare providers, case managers, or emergency response teams
  

Trauma counselors work in hospitals, community mental health centers, military settings, crisis hotlines, domestic violence shelters, schools, and private practice.

Education and Licensure

Most trauma counselors hold a:

• Master’s in counseling or psychology, with clinical training in trauma recovery
  
• State licensure (e.g., LPC, LMHC, LPCC), which includes supervised clinical hours and a licensing exam
  
• Optional certifications such as Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP) or Certified Trauma Therapist (CTT)
  

Programs that emphasize trauma-informed care, crisis intervention, or abuse recovery can be especially relevant to this role.

Salary and Job Outlook

Trauma counselors fall under the mental health counselor category in BLS data. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics:

• Median annual wage (May 2024): $59,190
  
• Top 10% earn more than: $98,210
  
• Projected job growth (2023–2033): 19%
  
• Estimated openings per year: ~48,900
  

Demand for trauma counselors is expected to remain high as awareness of trauma-related mental health conditions grows. Increased focus on early intervention, crisis response, and integrated behavioral health is also driving demand in schools, healthcare systems, and community programs.

Master’s in Counseling Salary & Job Outlook

A master’s in counseling can lead to meaningful and sustainable career opportunities across a wide range of specialties. While salaries and job prospects vary by role, setting, and geographic location, overall demand for licensed counselors continues to grow—driven by rising awareness of mental health, expanded insurance coverage, and increased access to behavioral health services.

What Influences Counselor Salaries?

Several key factors affect how much counselors earn:

• Work Setting: Counselors in hospitals, government agencies, and private practice tend to earn more than those in community or nonprofit settings. For example, marriage and family therapists working in state government earn significantly more than those in residential care.
  
• Specialization: Fields such as school counseling and marriage and family therapy often have higher salary ranges due to licensure requirements and funding sources. Others, like rehabilitation counseling, typically offer lower median pay but are essential to public service systems.
  
• Geographic Region: States and cities with high demand for mental health services—or higher costs of living—often offer more competitive salaries. Urban areas may pay more than rural regions, but also come with steeper competition.
  
• Experience and Credentials: Salaries increase with experience, licensure, and advanced certifications (e.g., trauma-informed care, addiction treatment, or clinical supervision).
  

Job Market Outlook by Specialty

The job market for counselors remains strong, particularly in high-demand areas such as mental health, substance use, and marriage and family therapy.

These trends are driven by increased mental health awareness, expanded insurance coverage, and greater investment in school- and community-based counseling services.

To Compare Your Options Side by Side:

The table below summarizes key salary and employment trends across major counseling roles, based on 2024 BLS data and projected growth through 2033:

Counseling Role	Median Salary (May 2024)	Education & Licensure	Projected Job Growth (2023–2033)
School Counselor	$65,140	Master’s + state certification (e.g., school counselor license)	4%
Marriage & Family Therapist	$63,780	Master’s + LMFT licensure	16%
Mental Health Counselor	$59,190	Master’s + LPC/LMHC licensure	19%
Addiction Counselor	$59,190	Master’s + LPC or LADC (varies by state)	19%
Trauma Counselor	$59,190	Master’s + LPC + trauma certification (optional)	19%
Grief Counselor	$59,190	Master’s + LPC + grief specialization (optional)	19%
Youth & Adolescent Counselor	$59,190	Master’s + LPC/LMHC + child specialization	19%
Gerontological Counselor	$59,190	Master’s + LPC + aging specialization (optional)	19%
Career Counselor	$65,140	Master’s + school or LPC licensure (varies)	4%
Rehabilitation Counselor	$46,110	Master’s + CRC or LPC (varies by setting)	2%

Note: Salary and growth figures are based on U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Some roles fall under broader BLS categories (e.g., mental health counselors), so estimates reflect generalized trends.

Specializations and Certifications

Choosing a specialization during or after your master’s in counseling can help you align your training with specific populations or treatment areas—and stand out in a competitive job market. In some cases, specializations are built into your graduate program; in others, you can pursue additional certifications post-licensure to expand your scope of practice.

Common Specializations Within Counseling Programs

Many CACREP-accredited master’s programs allow students to choose a concentration area that shapes their coursework, internship experience, and licensure pathway. Some of the most common specializations include:

• Clinical Mental Health Counseling – Prepares counselors to work with individuals and groups experiencing emotional, behavioral, and psychological disorders.
  
• School Counseling – Focuses on academic, social, and emotional development of K–12 students.
  
• Marriage, Couple, and Family Counseling – Addresses interpersonal dynamics and relationship challenges within family systems.
  
• Rehabilitation Counseling – Supports individuals with physical, developmental, or emotional disabilities.
  
• Addiction/Substance Use Counseling – Trains counselors to diagnose and treat substance use disorders and co-occurring conditions.
  
• Career Counseling – Helps individuals explore and plan educational and vocational pathways.
  
• Trauma or Crisis Counseling – Focuses on treating clients who have experienced abuse, violence, disaster, or other forms of trauma.
  

These specializations typically influence your internship placement, state licensure type, and initial job opportunities after graduation.

Post-Master’s Certifications and Credentials

Beyond graduate school, counselors can pursue professional certifications to demonstrate advanced expertise in a particular area of practice. These credentials can enhance your resume, expand your services, and in some cases, fulfill continuing education requirements.

Some popular certifications include:

Certification	Credentialing Body	Focus Area
Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP)	International Association of Trauma Professionals	Trauma-informed care and PTSD treatment
National Certified Counselor (NCC)	National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC)	General counseling certification; often a prerequisite for advanced credentials
Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC)	Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC)	Vocational and disability-focused counseling
Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC)	Varies by state and organization	Addiction and substance use treatment
Registered Play Therapist (RPT)	Association for Play Therapy	Child-focused therapy using play-based techniques
Board Certified-TeleMental Health Provider (BC-TMH)	Center for Credentialing & Education (CCE)	Best practices for delivering virtual counseling services

Benefits of Specializing

Specializing can help you:

• Qualify for niche roles or advanced positions
  
• Increase your earning potential
  
• Better serve specific populations or communities
  
• Meet continuing education requirements for licensure renewal
  
• Strengthen your clinical skills in areas you’re passionate about
  

Whether you’re just starting your program or looking to expand your credentials as a licensed professional, selecting a clear focus can add both clarity and depth to your counseling career.

Future Trends Influencing Master’s in Counseling Careers

The demand for skilled, licensed counselors continues to rise—and the field is evolving rapidly in response to societal shifts, policy changes, and emerging client needs. Understanding where the profession is headed can help you choose a specialization, pursue relevant credentials, and position yourself for long-term success.

1. Expansion of Telehealth and Virtual Counseling

Virtual counseling services surged during the COVID-19 pandemic and have since become a permanent fixture in the field. Telehealth improves access to care, especially in rural or underserved areas, and many states now allow licensed counselors to provide services across state lines through initiatives like the Interstate Counseling Compact.

• Counselors trained in telemental health and digital tools are increasingly in demand.
  
• Certifications such as the Board Certified-TeleMental Health Provider (BC-TMH) can enhance your marketability.
  

2. Rising Demand for Trauma-Informed and Crisis Services

Counselors with expertise in trauma care, crisis response, and disaster mental health are becoming essential across schools, hospitals, and community agencies. Factors driving this trend include:

• Increased public awareness of PTSD, childhood trauma, and systemic violence
  
• The rise in school- and community-based crisis intervention programs
  
• Broader integration of trauma-informed practices across healthcare and education
  

3. Integration of Behavioral Health in Medical Settings

Mental health is increasingly recognized as inseparable from physical health. As a result, counselors are being embedded in:

• Primary care practices
  
• Emergency departments
  
• Long-term care and rehabilitation centers
  

This shift requires counselors to collaborate with multidisciplinary teams and be fluent in medical terminology, electronic health records, and brief treatment models.

4. Greater Emphasis on Cultural Competency

As the U.S. population grows more diverse, counselors must be prepared to serve clients from varied racial, ethnic, religious, gender, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Cultural humility and social justice–oriented training are now expected in most accredited programs.

• Bilingual counselors and those with cross-cultural expertise are especially sought after in both urban and rural settings.
  
• CACREP standards now include multicultural counseling competencies as core requirements.
  

5. Expanding Specialization and Credentialing Options

Clients increasingly seek specialized care, and licensing bodies often require counselors to demonstrate expertise in niche areas. This trend is fueling demand for:

• Post-master’s certifications (e.g., trauma, addiction, play therapy)
  
• Continuing education in evidence-based modalities (e.g., EMDR, DBT, TF-CBT)
  
• Dual-licensure pathways (e.g., counselor and substance use disorder specialist)
  

Professionals who commit to lifelong learning and focused practice areas are more likely to secure leadership roles or transition into private practice.

Continue Learning: What Can You Do with a Master’s in Counseling?